Acne is a common yet complex skin condition that affects individuals across ages and races. This guide provides a comprehensive understanding of acne, discussing its definition, types, causes, and the range of treatments available. Learn to manage your acne effectively and maintain healthy skin.
Acne is a widespread skin disorder that develops when hair follicles under the skin become blocked. This condition results in the emergence of lesions, often referred to as pimples or zits. Acne is an inflammatory disorder of the skin involving the sebaceous (oil) glands connected to hair follicles. In people with acne, the hair, sebum (oil), and keratinocytes (a type of skin cell) stick together inside the pore, obstructing it and leading to inflammation.
While acne is most prevalent in teenagers and young adults, it can continue into adulthood, particularly in women. Acne lesions can appear in several forms, including whiteheads, blackheads, papules, pustules, nodules, and severe nodular acne.
The development of acne is associated with factors such as excess oil production, accumulation of dead skin cells, and bacterial growth within the pore. Risk factors for acne include hormonal changes, family history, certain medications, and age. There are also factors that don't cause acne but can worsen it, such as diet, stress, pressure from tight clothing or sports helmets, environmental irritants, picking at blemishes, and harsh scrubbing of the skin.
Diagnosing acne involves a thorough assessment, including a discussion of family history, symptoms, current medications, and a physical examination of the skin. Laboratory tests may also be carried out to rule out other medical conditions.
The treatment for acne aims to heal existing lesions, prevent the formation of new ones, and mitigate scarring. Depending on the severity, treatments can range from topical and oral medications, including antibiotics, retinoids, hormone therapy, and corticosteroids, to laser and light therapies, chemical peels, and surgical procedures for severe cases.
Living with acne requires careful skin care, which includes gentle cleaning, regular shampooing, avoiding touching skin lesions, careful shaving, using sunscreen, and choosing cosmetics carefully.
